Yes it can. The build daemon already uses containers to create the isolated environments to perform builds in so that we can view builds as pure functions. Nix uses systemd-nspawn for making NixOS containers. Guix uses a Scheme interface that I wrote called call-with-container to build GuixSD containers or simple containers without an init system via 'guix environment'. call-with-container is a work in progress, but some of the code has already made it to master, and the rest of it should land in master in time for the next release.