I don't think that works. You can't get a consistent view of the counters without a lock. Consider the following scenario:
CPU1 CPU2
---- ----
T1 rcu_read_lock (+1)
read counter (0)
T2 rcu_read_lock (+1)
T2 rcu_read_unlock (-1)
read counter (0)
We'll find that zero is the sum of all counters, even though T1 is still in its read lock.