Prison Camps in Siberia
spartacus-educational.com
spartacus-educational.com
EDIT: spoiler alert, thank you Wikipedia
Where tsarism will bother to send you out communists will just shoot you, problem solved.
UK also was shipping prisoners to Australia where most of them died en route. Oops. Took them several decades to figure shipping out.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia
"Between 1788 and 1868, approximately 162,000 convicts were transported to the various Australian penal colonies by the government.[1]
The British government began transporting criminals to overseas colonies in the 16th century. When transportation to the American colonies declined with the move towards American independence in the 1770s, an alternative site was needed to avoid further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks. "