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It's plain and simple a market externality. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality

"...an externality is the cost or benefit that affects a party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit."

Thanks, but that's not quite what I'm after. Both because externalities are positive and negative, and here I'm talking about negatives. And because participants in scams generally choose to participate, so it's not really an externality.

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