One of the things that AMP allows is to know that is it save to prerender a page. Documents can be instructed by a viewer to e.g. only load resources visible above the fold and absolutely no external JS.
With general web content prerendering is pretty dangerous and you certainly cannot do it with say more than 1 doc at a time because it may use arbitrary bandwidth and CPU.
That allows for instant feeling loading of pages (because they are already loaded when the user clicks) which in turn makes users happy :) While all web pages can be fast, AMP allows proving that they are which makes such a feature possible.
A referrer like Twitter or Pinterest or Google could e.g. indicate: Clicks on these links will be super fast (because they are AMP docs). If users click them more (because they like fast) there is a strong incentive for everyone to be fast – and then we all win.
I don't think XKCD927 applies, because we only combine existing standards and restrict ourselves voluntarily to a subset of those. Its still just HTML, CSS, JS. Browsers do not need to change.
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