Step 1. Find problematic code
Step 2. Step back to before problematic statement
Step 3. Change problematic data value and/or code to hypothesized good one (while debugger is active and paused)
Step 4. Continue execution and observe if output is as desired
Step 5. Write test case.
Easy peasy. I'm glad to see the Rust community doing something similar, as the benefits of ease of development are not to be discounted, and Rust seems like a pretty nifty language.