One of the few peer-reviewed articles (with Holmes as a co-author) that uses Theranos technology I see indexed on PubMed is ref. [0]. The results aren't mind blowing, and I have issues with their statistics methodology. This article doesn't really go into the technology, and as a reviewer, I would have given them hell for not even including a cursory description.
There is also a recent commentary in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine that could be of interest, at ref. [1].
[0] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4091290/
[1] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cclm.2015.53.issue-7/cclm-20...