FAR Manager on Windows has these in the form of Ctrl+1 ... Ctrl+0 shortcuts (set with Shift+Ctrl+1 ... Shift+Ctrl+0).
Does Midnight Commander? It's one of the features I have been missing on Linux.
I don't think so. But Midnight Commander has directory hotlist (Ctrl-\). You can select the hotlist entry using arrow keys up and down.
I highly recommend z for switching between frequently used folders. Sure you could set up aliases, but then you need to keep them up to date when your work patterns change.