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Ragel doesn't support recursion (last I checked), so it's not suitable for many parsing jobs. I considered it for MoonScript's parser at one point but it didn't seem like it could do it. I've been experimenting with this project as a replacement for LPEG for the MoonScript parser: http://piumarta.com/software/peg/

I've made an LPEG style syntax that compiles to the peg syntax for that tool, which is then compiled to c and linked into a Lua module, you can see how the parser is written here: https://github.com/leafo/moonparse/blob/master/parse.peg.moo...

At their core they target different language classes. Ragel deals with regular, whereas LPeg deals with context-free grammars.

WRT Lua, not at this time, but it is one I would like to support. Won't be too much work to add it.