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BTW, the authors effectively embraced having the functionality of using `cat` instead of < .

> The use of cat to feed a single input file to a program has to some degree superseded the shell’s < operator, which illustrates that general-purpose constructs - like cat and pipes - are often more natural than convenient special-purpose ones.

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If you're going to write shell scripts or do anything sophisticated with the shell, it's worth understanding the difference. And there is a fundamental difference. With |, standard input is hooked up to a pipe. With <, standard input is hooked up directly to the file. Sometimes it does matter.

The purpose cat serves is that it lets you forget about < until you really need it.

The comparison was between cat + pipe and < ...

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