The Marriages of Power Couples Reinforce Income Inequality
nytimes.com
nytimes.com
1. I bet a large portion of this phenomenon is related to the current US divorce laws (basically a woman with a child can divorce a high-income husband and claim a large portion of his income for child support / maintenance).
Therefore marrying people of your 'social circle' is a certain way to mitigate this effect (ie if your spouse is a high-level attorney rather than a secretary, you have a much lower risk of it happening to you).
2. Author kinda assumes the reader is an idiot in some places. For example: "As it becomes harder for many people to “marry up”.
Well, no. "People" never really married up. Women with looks had a chance to marry men of higher social standing. The reverse (man marrying a woman of higher social standing) was very much an exception.
So basically what this means is that men of today are not as interested in marrying women beneath their social status as they were in the past.
I guess that women's liberation had a lot to do with this phenomenon. If one is an intelligent woman, she can simply go to a good school and get a career - instead of her only choice in life being marriage to a rich man. So that actually sounds like a not terrible thing for such women.
I'd argue against that. There's precedence in older wealthy women marrying younger man of lower social standing.
Queen Victoria of the British Empire marrying Prince Albert is one example of a woman marrying a man of lower social standing (though they are of the same age).
in Albert's own words, "I am very happy and contented; but the difficulty in filling my place with the proper dignity is that I am only the husband, not the master in the house."
It may be uncomfortable for the man in question, but it has happened.
Queen Victoria simply could not marry ANYBODY in the world of equal social standing - because by English law, whoever married the Queen would still only be a Prince of Wales.
I think the only real example you can draw on would be aristocratic families who lost their fortune and had to marry off their offspring to a child of rich bourgeois. This way the two family combined pedigree and wealth - but they sort of came on equal footing due to the varying assets each brought to the table.
Omomra is right, though, women have, historically been able to marry up far easier than men.
People interact with other people that are close to them at any given time, childhood, college, career.
Marrying your sweetheart became rarer since people stopped marrying at the age of 18 in general. Marrying your college GF became more rare because people are now marrying in their late 20's to mid 30's rather than early 20's. When people move on with their life they usually replace their previous social circles with new ones.
So if you are a banker your social circle will be made mostly from your new coworkers and maybe maybe 1 or 2 childhood/college friends if they happen to still live near by. So you are much more likely to marry another banker, lawyer, trader and the likes simply because those are the people you interact with on your day to day, and those are the people you'll be more likely to see after work at less than official capacity.
It's not like people actively look for spouses who make as much as they do, is that they more likely to meet a spouse from the same social economic circle. Life isn't some feel good romcom, yes sometimes some one might fall in love with a maid, a waiter, or meet their soul mate in the park when their dogs decides to run through the sprinklers who just happens to be a teacher but the likelihood of that happening by chance is about the same as a romcom winning the Oscars.
I won't claim that some people don't do some due diligence and plan engagements with every potential mate to the point where they cover financial compatibility but I would dare to say this is rare. Other arrangements such as prenups are also much more likely to happen in such cases where there is financial inequality to begin with or when one of the partners has hereditary assets which they would like to protect.
P.S. It's a bit odd that not subsidizing some one these days will count as income inequality, also it's important to point out that financial inequality between partners leads to infidelity and divorce. Partners who make less money than their other partner are much more likely to cheat, especially if they become a full time or part time stay at home parent. Marriages in which one of the partners makes significantly more than the other also are 3 times more likely to end up in divorce.
Back then even if you didn't get married young, most men did not have options to marry a female doctor, banker, lawyer, etc. You would meet a nice secretary at work and probably use similar criteria to today (pretty, compatible personality wise, smart). In 2015 that smart secretary is a smart doctor, none of this is surprising.
Previously might have try to pick the best from a pool of 20, now you can increase the pool by a couple orders of magnitude. That will have a qualitative effect.
Yes if you use some specific dating site for ivy league alumni you are lowering your selection pool but it's not that different from that service that matches 11 out of 10 on the hotness scale super models with rich men.
If you use a normal dating site the overall selection you'll get will be quite more substantial than 20 even if you filter the heck out of it I'll assume, but still It will most likely not match a maid with a banker. But there is nothing that stops it from matching a school teacher, a doctor that spent his or her life volunteering in Africa instead of getting rich in an LA private practice or a summa cum laude lawyer that decided to become a public defender instead of getting the likes of BP out of trouble.
Rich people tend to marry other rich people, attractive people tend to marry other attractive people, people in general tend to marry people who resemble them. Should we also run a piece about how attractive successful men marrying attractive successful women is now considered sexist?
And if you're an engineer, you end up staying single because there's no women in your social circle at work.
My 2c: A guy or gal making $350K is not commended for reducing income inequality by marrying someone making $60K. Indeed, if things fall apart, the "equity courts" will divide the earnings spouse nicely between them. While I can understand you don't want someone on the street, these things just penalize people for being successful. So it is not a surprise that people are practicing self-preservation and selecting those spouses who have nothing to gain from a separation (besides their freedom.) Additionally, as alluded to in the book above, people who have university degrees have only a 20% chance of divorce and usually, higher income earners have said university degrees.
I'd bet it has more to do with maintaining current (or expected) lifestyle. If you're used to a top-5% income, with the lifestyle that income enables, marrying "down" has a real impact. The effect would be even more noticeable in an expensive metropolitan area like NorCal, NYC, etc.
We generally carry home/car/life/health insurance to manage risks that are drastically lower probability and consequence, yet no one calls that jaded.
It's not jaded to be pragmatic. Marriage is a contract. Recently, you can even hear young people, men mostly, talk about ways to avoid being considered common law which I found hilarious and would never have been a topic of discussion when I was their age.
I'm all for reducing income inequality, but I find the complaints about assortive marriage to be, frankly, sexist. Sandra Day O'Connor graduated third in her class at Stanford Law, and was only offered jobs as a legal secretary in private law firms. Back then, a lot of smart, ambitious women were relegated to jobs that didn't maximize their intellectual potential because of sexism in the workplace. Now that sexism is subsiding, and women are free to pursue traditionally male jobs, of course you're seeing more couples marrying within their educational and economic class.
50 years ago sexism was a real issue - today it's not. Meanwhile growing income inequality (or rather too many poor people - which is the non-pc way to describe it) is becoming a big issue of today.
More details:
http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2012/11/desperate-effort-by-t...
>Of all the causes behind growing income inequality, in the longer run this development may prove one of the most significant and also one of the hardest to counter.
Well, that's pretty much why you chose to invent this little story, isn't it Tyler?
In unrelated news, robots are totally going to steal your job, which may prove one of the most significant and also one of the hardest causes of income inequality to counter:
https://www.aei.org/publication/will-robots-terminate-the-us...
The (also liberal) Brookings institution also seems to support it, so I don't think the opposition case is exactly ironclad: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/social-mobility-memos/posts/2...
Another thing to consider is that income inequality is increasing via second-order AM effects, via propagation across generations, rather than directly due to the marriages (http://www.economist.com/node/21640316)
(1) This is much less interesting if the effect doesn't propogate, i.e. if income levels only lasts one generation. This is a crucial part of eugenics -- which the articles compares the effect to -- and yet nothing in the article suggests that income transfers generations. (I'm not saying it does or doesn't; just that the article doesn't address this at all.)
(2) The same is probably true for good looks, culture, athletic ability, hobbies, education, geography, race, IQ, and wealth. I suspect there are a number of confounding variables. Omitting any mention of them doesn't invalidate the reported results, but does make misinterpreting the results of the article much easier.
I don't see anything about the correlation between parent income and child income.
"On graduation, many members of America’s future elite will head for the law firms, banks and consultancies where starting salaries are highest."
Here are some more explicit articles on the phenomenon:
http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/07/rich-peo...
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11763836/Wealthy-pare...
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/upshot/rich-children-and-p...
If you'd like to read a study on it ("Poor Little Rich Kids? The Determinants of the Intergenerational Transmission of Wealth"), you can do so here:
Here's another from Pew:
http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2015/07/fsm-irs-repo...
If you want more information, google "social mobility united states", "intergenerational mobility united states", and read "Twilight of the Elites" and "The Son also Rises."
The Atlantic article just quotes the IZA article, which is about wealth transfer in Sweden, not income. Wealth is heavily affected by spending habits; income less so. And t Telegraph and NY Times articles don't offer anything concrete on the subject.
The Pew source does address the subject. The key part is:
> Approximately half of parental income advantages are passed on to children. The IGE [intergenerational elasticity], when averaged across all levels of parental income, is estimated at 0.52 for men and 0.47 for women.
(That means that if someone earns $40k above average, their children can be expected to earn $20k above average.)
In comparison, IGE in UK is 0.5, France is 0.41, and Denmark is 0.15. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Intergen...
IGE studies are somewhat scarce, but that's no excuse for the original NY Times making a bunch of unsubstantiated implications.