Image processing appears pretty central to human thought hence phrases like 'throw some light on the problem' and 'get the full picture', if you see what I mean.
A good introduction to how the visual cortex works can be found in Eye, Brain, And Vision: http://hubel.med.harvard.edu/book/bcontex.htm
[1] Sorry, don't have a cite, but there are a lot of results on Google talking about it: https://archive.is/iDE27