In the early 1900s, Harvard was on track to be a Jewish dominated university, and they made the (then common) decision to limit Jewish enrollment.[1] In reading that article, I learned that even Richard Feynman was affected by Columbia's quota, and ended up at MIT instead. (Go MIT!) Non-meritocratic quotas exist to this day at all elite US universities, with one exception: Caltech.[2]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_quota
[2] http://www.mindingthecampus.org/2010/12/why_caltech_is_in_a_...