I'd like to learn enough to understand the statement "JSX is just a JS primary," and I can't find out what a "$lang primary" is in PLT. Can you point out some resources for me to figure this out?
For a deep dive you'll want to read resources about parsing. To name one article that came up recently on HN, take a look at "Why Parsing Tools are Hard" [0].
[0]: http://blog.reverberate.org/2013/09/ll-and-lr-in-context-why...
Please take a look at the draft JSX spec [0] for details.