Why smart people are better off with fewer friends
washingtonpost.com
washingtonpost.com
This is obviously a correlational study (and not a randomized controlled trial) so inferring causality is just wrong.
Let me instead suggest an alternative explanation for the same correlation: smart people have more time to spend with friends when things are going badly for them (crashed startup, lack of grants for research, out of work, etc) than when things are going well (startup just got funded, just received a major grant, etc).
- People in cities have more people to compare themselves to when calculating 'how well they're doing' relative to people around them. In a big city you're less likely to be at the top.
- Smart people are more likely to need opportunities provided by big cities and big city networks, and are probably more unhappy in smaller rural areas.
The 'evolution' argument sets off bad science alarms, no ability to test and not even very good speculation. Then going on to suggest that smart people are more able to ignore evolutionary pressure also strikes me as a stretch.
The idea that smart people have a bigger project in mind and time spent socializing makes them sad because it's 'wasted' does seem reasonable to me though.
And, event though the argument "smart people have a bigger project and they spend time realizing it rather than socializing" makes also sense for me, I don't really believe in it. Smart people may also spend time with friend to elaborate their plan and socializing in order to gather a group to execute that plan.
Another explanation would be that they have more problem finding like minded people so they'd rather spend time alone than being with uninteresting people.
Conclusion : if it is true that smart people need less time socializing to be happy than other people (psychology studies tend to always contradict each other, I don't rely on them too much), I don't have a serious explanation why.
Long: To take a stab at the study's scientific integrity without access to it[1], other aspects may be better indicators than a Washington Post article written for a mainstream audience -- namely, the journal's reputation and review policy, the author's CV, and the abstract. That's not anyone's fault, but the Post author's goal - an understandable explanation - doesn't emphasize what you're evaluating.
So, let's check these things out. Here's the CV of the first named author (I can't easily tell whether he was PI): http://www.smu.edu.sg/sites/default/files/socsc/pdf/psychvit...
The abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847844
A preview: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjop.12181/pdf
The entity behind the journal (which also grants licenses to psychologists in Britain): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Psychological_Society
ToC from the February issue: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjop.2016.107.iss...
Peer reviewers: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjop.12174/full
He's a trained scientist with a lot of experience and many prior studies, and that this was published in a well-known peer-reviewed journal. Short of reading the actual article and having experience in the field, I think that's a more likely indicator of scientific integrity than the OP's URL.
[1]: The full text of the article isn't publicly available. While drawing conclusions without reading it would be crazy, checking the author and the journal are reasonable.
Hard problems might need solitude, but really hard problems seem to need multiple minds and perpectives to solve.
I of course need alone time, but only on focused portions of what adds up to a far broader and more cooperative strategy.
I've also found the smarter you are, the more likely you are to look down on larger portions of humanity, and it multiplies in higher density regions. This is a pathway to unhappiness that seems to be rooted in my own ego though more than an objective reality.
Really hard problems fight monocultures of 'obvious truth' in the bonds of multiple minds.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoshi_Kanazawa
> views such as that African countries suffer chronic poverty and illness because their people have lower IQs and that black women are objectively less attractive than other races
> a group of 68 evolutionary psychologists issued an open letter titled "Kanazawa's bad science does not represent evolutionary psychology",[6] and an article was published by 35 on the same theme.[7]
But hey, Hakuna matata! Disney told me so. /s
I think we should be really careful about ideas like this which tell us what we want to hear about a thing that "sounds negative on the surface but is actually good!"
I do think this particular article is transparently self-serving, and not in a way that is particularly effective. (For the reader, at least; it's pretty effective for the writer, in that it gets people to read it, nod their heads, and then share it, resulting in more pageviews.) Much better to reframe reality in ways that are long-term beneficial for you rather than just make you feel good once.
> if p, then q
> if q, then z
but this article reads as
> if p, then q
> if z, then m
Except that it's all wrapped in language - the ideas look like they should flow together, but they don't. There are probably missing steps in the analysis. Might be a case of over-summarization by the journalist.
Yes, it is all over the place:
1) "Why smart people are better off with fewer friends"
2) "The higher the population density of the immediate environment, the less happy" - for everyone that is.
3) "[...] one big exception. For more intelligent people, these correlations were diminished or even reversed."
4) "The effect of population density on life satisfaction was [...] twice as large for low-IQ individuals than for high-IQ individuals,"
COMMENT - So, trusting the writing, presumably low-IQ individuals are more happy in a small town where fewer people are around to socialize with and more unhappy in a big city where more people are around to socialize with.
5) "more intelligent individuals were actually less satisfied with life if they socialized with their friends more frequently."
COMMENT - So they have that in common with low-IQ people? This claim contrast oddly with 4) and also the graph pointing out that this is a population wide trend..
6) "If you're smarter and more able to adapt to things, you may have an easier time reconciling your evolutionary predispositions with the modern world. So living in a high-population area may have a smaller effect on your overall well-being"
COMMENT - Then the whole article could be summon up into something a bit shorter basically, smarter people have a relatively easier time than less smart people, no matter whether they are in a small town or a big city. I feel the reason for the sense of oddness stems primarily from point 4 which remains unexplored/explained and stands out against some but not all of the other claims made.
Evolution hypothesis wasn't tested, study wasn't very useful at disproving anything or solidly claiming anything. A life well lived I believe has been solidly shown vt philosophers to have little to do with happiness, and "priests and novelists" is just silly IMO. They have no say whatsoever.
So its safe to ignore literally every claim of evidence in this post. That said, it is an interesting hypothesis. I can imagine being a loner and being intelligent could have many bits of positive feedback between them.
However, you are definitely right about infant mortality. Kids were 30 to 100 times more likely to die.
0) https://condensedscience.wordpress.com/2011/06/28/life-expec...
This means that life expectancy was short. It directly conflicts with
> short life expectancy is a myth, and that primitive cultures live[d] as long as we do
Surely you know what I meant. If you made it to middle-age you lived just as long.
That's not what I took away from the article, but I could be wrong. That wouldn't be anything interesting to discuss or write about.
BTW, an extremely minor point: I intentionally used present-tense because primitive cultures still exist.
There are no cultures today which are comparable to primitive cultures of the past. One nice point I've seen made is that when hunter-gatherers were the rule, they could live on arable land. After the advent of agriculture, obviously, that became impossible.
Or was your comment meant to be snark that I didn't get?
Nope, just reporting what I read. It was on the interwebs ...
Land ownership and class separation didn't start until agriculture.
For a useful perspective from the other side, you might want to read Steven Pinker's The Better Angels of Our Nature.
I wish I stopped reading there.
With that being said, I still don't think you can take any kind of result from this age-group seriously. Even if we assume that these people will stay within the same sociability class, your twenties might just be a busy time in your life where hard work at your career and education make you happier. That might not hold true when you're 60.
Second, the logic seems to be, smart people have bigger goals so they don't bother wasting time socializing. Which is true but not all smart people are well-accomplished. So although this might apply to researchers it might not to the "average" smart person.
Edit: I forgot to mention that the fact smart people feel less happy interacting with many friends can be simply due to introversion and not necessarily their IQ.
"Why" articles go for things that we already know to to be true. When you make a novel or controversial claim, and slap a "why" on the front, you are intellectually dishonestly trying to trick the reader into believing the claim is already a known truth.
Let's hope there's something like this.
I do enjoy a few close friends but when I was living in and working in downtown vancouver, it was some of the most miserable chapters. In particular, the large density of people adds to my stress for some reason. I don't know why but I tense up and my senses are heightened when I'm in a crowd.