There are actually some cases where you can gain by losslessly compressing these. For example, EXIF data in a JPEG is plain text, so gzip can help:
$ curl -sS http://www.exiv2.org/include/img_1771.jpg | wc -c
32764
$ curl -sS http://www.exiv2.org/include/img_1771.jpg | gzip -9 | wc -c
31323
In this case, though, it often makes more sense to just remove the EXIF data.
PDF files can be even more compressible, at least ones that are text and layout as opposed to embedded images:
$ curl -sS http://www.polyu.edu.hk/iaee/files/pdf-sample.pdf | wc -c
7945
$ curl -sS http://www.polyu.edu.hk/iaee/files/pdf-sample.pdf | gzip -9 | wc -c
4336