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Did any of that crap code from Windows 95 go in the kernel, or was it just in user space?

A lot of it went into the kernel for Windows XP. It took until Windows 7 to clean up the mess inside.

They moved the entire graphics subsystem into kernel because it was "too slow" in user mode

Yes. Then Microsoft hired Mark Russinovich, the guy who ran "ntinternals.com" and demonstrated it wasn't too slow, to shut him up.[1]