I used Cygwin to offer me a sane environment that ran most of my code and tools since at least Windows XP. Under it, Windows was a reasonably adequate workstation OS.
Desktop composition adds a frame or more of latency. If you disable it (sadly not possible in Windows 8 and later) UI interaction feels noticeable more responsive. But most people run Windows 7 with composition on, so for them it makes sense that "XP felt faster"
Proper firewalls alone helped a lot.