Indeed, this is exactly what the Linux kernel does; it treats filenames like a binary blob, with the exception that the bytes 0x2f (ASCII '/') and 0x00 (ASCII NUL) are not accepted (regardless of where they are in the byte string).
Which can result in files with seemingly identical names when one UTF-8-encoded file name uses combining characters and the other one uses precomposed ones. Not to mention the fact that e.g. Å is contained in Unicode as both "latin capital letter A with ring above" and "Angstrom sign".
After you've solved encoding, next comes Unicode normalization ;-)
Unicode normalization is not the only problem here, e.g. Latin 'a', 'e', 'T' are exactly the same as Cyrillic 'а', 'е', 'Т' in most fonts which makes it possible for two files to have seemingly same names even in some 8-bit encodings.
codepoint -> encoding in UTF-8
U+022F -> C8 AF
U+042F -> D0 AF
U+062F -> D8 AF