At my work, we have a setup close to this. On a successful build of jenkins (after build action), a deb is generated with FPM (awesome piece of software btw) and uploaded to an s3 bucket. Then on another machine, a cron that run every minutes sync the s3 bucket to a local aptly repository and publish it to another s3 bucket which is the real debian repository.

This works well but the s3+cron part is probably not the smartest way and publication can take some time (like 5-10min).