In Guix, we address this problem with grafting.
Rather than rebuild everything that depends on the fixed glibc, we build the fixed glibc, then rewrite all references to the old glibc to refer to the new one. That rewriting happens in new copies of the referring packages, of course, since the "store" is immutable.
https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/html_node/Security-... https://savannah.gnu.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=8470