That being said IANAL and have no idea whether residual knowledge has been explored w.r.t. the GPL or CDDL.
I'm not sure I quite understand this approach. It's sounds like a pure NIH kind of method (which is admittedly common for Apple). I.e. of course one can always try to reinvent the wheel, but why is it bad first to analyze what already exists and to evaluate good / bad sides of that? Or his approach is simply always to make everything from scratch and not to look at anything else?
It's a legal defense strategy.
ZFS is covered by multiple patents.
If someone who have never read about any of ZFS's designs and patents independently reproduces one of ZFS's patented features, then the courts could rule that that was non-infringement.
That's why the author said of Giampaolo: "...but didn't delve too deeply for fear, he said, of tainting himself". Reading too much about a patented product effectively taints yourself from being able to freely create your own designs.
Apple makes a mistake in 10.11.6 and ships a kernel without DTrace. Everything runs but a few nerds notice and file bug reports. 10.11.7 quietly ships and all is right with the world.
In contrast, shipping a new filesystem is enormously invasive: billions of hours are spent globally rewriting EVERY storage pool in existence. Some percentage of those will fail due to hardware problems or corruption which happened years ago (or even somewhere else) but was previously unnoticed, flooding support and the news with dire predictions. Every crash or performance issue noticed for the next year will probably be vocally blamed on the new filesystem, even if there are clear signs pointing elsewhere.
You don't want to deal with that any more than you have to.
The question isn't whether Apple will force this on users soon or without notice but rather the observation that they're going to be very careful not to do this more often than actually necessary. That's why despite having implemented and shipped ZFS in the 10.5 beta series they removed it prior to release. Sure, it might have gone okay but if that changed later there would be no easy way to go back without forcing users to migrate existing data and if that hit a licensing/patent case, the other side's lawyers enjoy the extra leverage which that would give them.
As an aside, “There are many filesystems in the kernel” is technically true but misleading: HFS+/HFSX is used constantly on every device, FAT/ExFAT are used regularly by many users, and everything else is a rounding error. A few Mac users use NFS or SMB, even fewer use UFS, etc. and no iOS device uses any of those.