Here in Germany, we have something called "Gebührenordnung für (Tier)Ärzte" (fee catalogue for (veterinary) doctors).
Everything you can think of has a standardized pricing set, with the option to go up to 3.5x the standard rate for difficult procedures.
Kind of prevents that bullshit mentioned in the article; also, national health insurance covers nearly everything that's medically neccessary and deductibles are highly limited.