The Demarcation Problem (What is scientific) and Falsifiability.
The english Wikipedia Article is sadly rather poor on the Demarcation Problem. - Karl Popper - Logik der Forschung (Das Abgrenzungsproblem) has the good stuff.
The author compares any kind of investigation and iterative refinement with science, but does not understand the effects this method has in combination with a specific subset of "sentences" - Those which can be disproven by empiric observations.
A rather trashy article. Especially the third-to-last paragraph:
"If scientific method is only one form of a general method employed in all human inquiry, how is it that the results of science are more reliable than what is provided by these other forms? I think the answer is that science deals with highly quantified variables and that it is the precision of its results that supplies this reliability. But make no mistake: Quantified precision is not to be confused with a superior method of thinking."
That awefully sounds like, "Ah, science, its just like opinion".