I don't think so. That's what Jeffery Snover is working on in Server 2016 with Windows nano server.
Unless something has changed since the last time I checked, The WindowsServerCore docker image was not generally available yet and requires server2016 (I think it was TP6 the last time I checked)
Docker, to my knowledge, is still exclusively Linux flavors. (Though I'm happy to be corrected if someone knows more than me)