1. (Search for "asInstanceOf"): http://typelevel.org/cats/tut/freemonad.html
2. (Finally fixed and will hopefully be released soon - yay!): https://issues.scala-lang.org/browse/SI-2712
3. https://twitter.com/extempore2/status/430456002392391681
4. http://pchiusano.blogspot.com/2011/05/making-most-of-scalas-...
5. (Anecdotal): Various pattern matching peculiarities.
Compiler bugs: As long as I write code on the happy path and steer clear of scalaz/shapeless/cats, the compiler is pretty well-behaved and I can go months without getting a compiler crash. However, when I add those in and start writing pure functional code with complicated types that hits the intersections of various features (e.g., GADTs, package objects, implicits), I get a few crashes per week related to known bugs.
It works pretty well, and I am not trying to complain too much about all the mileage I get out of Scala and the excellent tooling! Just trying to get the most out of it.