I don't know how distributed ITA software's QPX is, but there are some information about how they work around the GC in some cases here (from 2001): http://paulgraham.com/carl.html
For Haskell I remember reading about Cloud Haskell ( https://haskell-distributed.github.io/ ) which allows you to write Erlang-style systems and Sparkle ( https://github.com/tweag/sparkle ) by Tweag ( http://www.tweag.io/ ) which allows you to use Haskell with Apache Spark. But those are tools and libraries and not complete production systems.
I'd love to read about Haskell or Common Lisp distributed system implementations if you have any pointers!