Are there other ways to use other languages in the browser asides from transpiler, and asm?
However, if the browser only supports a given language than the final target must be that language, similar to how only machine code executes of a CPU, everything else is just a turing machine emulating another turing machine.
Because that's the only actual and in use browser I can think of that supports a language other than JS natively.
ActionScript is only supported through the Flash plugin, and inside the Flash environment -- and even that is taken out altogether in the new Chrome release.
C++, not at all. Except if you mean Chrome is written in C++ itself, or you can use Native Client, which again is another plugin like environment.
So, nothing similar to JS at all.
Might as well have mentioned emscripten, which does end up running as a web page.
Does it act like JS? No, but its still native.