How does it work?
Three of the most important: * Blockchains * Protocol-level anti-DDoS changes (protocols specifically designed to make them less suitable for use in in DoS) * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_centric_networking
My gut says that real solutions to DDOS problems are going to have to come from new approaches to networking in general and not just tweaks to TCP/IP or throwing massive amounts of infrastructure at the problem.
But I would point out a subtle distinction: I believe TCP/IP and DNS provide an adequate building block for what needs to happen in a backwards-compatible progressive enhancement way.
I distinguish this from IPv6 which - because of how we chose to implement it - has created a ton of chicken-egg issues with the incentives for adoption.