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Not even that, it's how to max produce them. Today transistors are made in batches of trillions with hundreds of billions per silicon wafer and up to billions per chip. Scaling up to that level of mass production, let alone reliability, is a huge leap from where we are today and most likely will require decades of work.

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The key advantage of silicon, as I understand it, is that we can mass produce ICs on wafers via light-directed etching and epitaxy. I don't know of an equivalent process for carbon that's been proposed yet.

The way that people currently plan to incorporate carbon into ICs is to create a traditional silicon chip with a number of special pads. When a solution of carbon nanotubes is washed over the chip the tubes stick to the pads and create a connection there. So you would be leveraging all the current silicon technology. The problem is getting an economical source of nanotubes and getting them to stick to the damn pads reliably

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