Bitcoin is the first implementation of a blockchain system, but it's a technology, not Bitcoin.
All major log systems will be based on it; governments, banks, military, voting systems, etc.
Highly suggest reading the Wikipedia entry on Blockchain to learn more and think about how you might use it too: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain_(database)
Really basic like a) how will my debit card debit my money buying DD coffee?
If I create another book can I "get blockchain" (so to speak) to protect my work? Thus, I will need to make the right choice to be covered under a blockchain or not?
At 50000 ft I get the significance I think. I just cant even come close to explaining it.
It's available from O'Reily: http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920032281.do
Whenever a new transaction is made, in the case of Bitcoin, a new node is created and joined to the linked list.
The bitcoin blockchain is limited in the sense that you can only buy / sell bitcoin. Ethereum is another up and coming blockchain that allows you to write smart contracts (contracts that enforce themselves). There is a whole community of developers working on developing decentralized applications for Ethereum blockchain now.
Come join us over at /r/ethereum
Do they have publicly known projects where they intend to use it? The funding itself shows they find it valuable or at least are curious enough to spend but for what reason?