Yes, Chrome generally uses the OS trust store as "trust roots", however Chrome layers on additional validation and pinning in the Chrome code:

CRLSets: https://dev.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/crlsets

HSTS Preloading: https://hstspreload.appspot.com/

more: https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/security-faq...