Google to Open-source VP8 for HTML5 Video
newteevee.com
newteevee.com
Sweet.
Obviously getting Microsoft to add codec support is another issue altogether, but it seems plausible that it could be done. Since Google would own all of the IP, they can sign some patent contract with Microsoft promising that yes, this really is open, and no, they won't ever sue Microsoft over implementing the standard. If that were the case it would make the VP8 codec the most promising among the alternatives for Microsoft, since it would be free and its IP status would be certain and guaranteed. It seems like the question hinges on whether or not Microsoft plans to add <video> support at all, and since they've made vague claims supporting HTML5 and these new fangled web standards, it seems plausible that some version of Internet Explorer could support the codec in the future (even if it takes them a while).
Giving up on the car metaphor, it's Flash support for H.264 that makes it viable for 85% of the market. Adobe can win it for VP8 if they want to, but I think Google can do it with out them too, it'll just take longer.
It will benefit Google in two ways:
First, it insulates them from encoder licensing fees going forward, and from decoder license fees if MPEG-LA decides to back off their free-for-web-streaming arrangement. It also means they're free to bundle the codec with Chrome.
Second, if you believe the publishing hype, it could save them up to 50% bandwidth. I doubt it's that effective, but at Youtube's scale, processing is cheap and bandwidth is expensive; every 1% helps. If they can reduce the number of storage nodes, bytes transferred, and by extension, open conns/sec, that translates to very real savings.
Unfortunately for that cunning plan, Google clearly sees more benefit from a codec that's compatible with the open web and open source than they do from licence discounts.
(I'm quite certain I'm wrong on this point, but I'm interested in learning why)
Eg, take a frame which has a solid chunk of blue. Codec 1 removes some of data to make things more consistent and then compresses it. Codec 2 looks at the output of codec 1, sees the consistently large blue area, doesn't see any info worth removing, and compresses it.
I'm not sure Google ever actually stated on-the-record why they refused to add Theora support to YouTube, but 'cost to re-encode all that video' has been widely cited, and I don't see why re-encoding with VP8 would be particularly cheaper than re-encoding with Theora.
Flash never supported Theora, which invalidates its use for the vast majority of web users today. Even with HTML5 video, content protection worries is going to keep a lot of content wrapped up in Flash players for a while. On the other hand, Flash has a good chance to support VP8--Adobe already holds a license option on VP7 and has supported the codec line in their players.
The lack of players, content hosts, and embedded decoders all prevented Theora from ever taking off. I think there's a better chance that Google's direct backing of a codec (both as a content host, mobile platform, and browser, give VP8 a better shot.
I have also read that Theora's "patent-free" status is questionable; to my knowledge nobody has reviewed the codebase to ascertain what patents it may infringe on. On2, as a commercial enterprise licensing its codecs to others, has had to navigate the patent minefield already. I trust its status more, especially with Google behind it.
As for what Firefox will do, well, that remains to be seen. I just think it makes sense for VP8 to succeed where Theora failed.
I didn't know that Adobe had an option on VP7, but I'd be impressed if Adobe added VP8 support to Flash - I mean, the whole point of this exercise is to undermine Flash, and I'd be surprised if Adobe joined in except in the face of overwhelming customer demand.
Yes - if Google officially supports VP8 in Chrome, Android and YouTube, that'll be a very strong argument (far stronger than Theora has had) for other content providers and user-agents to support it... but Apple/Nokia/MS and YouTube already support h264, so adding support for another, less efficient codec seems silly.
Theora's "patent-free" status comes entirely from On2 saying "we give everybody the right to use all our IP involved in VP3". Presumably On2 had the same due-diligence issues when it was licensing VP3 to others; I don't see how On2 could give VP8 a stronger "patent-free" declaration than Theora already has, unless (as other people have suggested) Google has bankrolled an exhaustive search for applicable patents.
I don't really mind whether VP8 or Theora winds up being the dominant format on the web, I'm just skeptical that VP8 is all that different when it comes to the pain-points that have prevented people from adopting Theora.
Eg: http://www.digital-digest.com/news-61385-On2-Video-Codec-VS-...
Oops, that should read: On2's main claim to fame for VP8
There's an interesting post about the problems with VP8 posted by an x264 developer here: http://x264dev.multimedia.cx/?p=292
Considering he's an x264 developer that article is very positive about the quality of the VP codecs. The stuff he's down on e.g. it being proprietary, licence fees, patents, big name corporate approval, mobile support, buggy encoder are all stuff people expect Google to fix quite easily (well apart from patents).
Considering the amount of bandwidth Google spends on streaming YouTube content, this move is far from altruistic. The more viewers adopt a bandwidth-superior format, the less terabytes of data to stream, the less the cost of running YouTube. They have absolutely no benefit from any kind of "platform/api lockin" to H.264 or any other video standard, only that there are less bits to stream.
I don't see how it's an "uphill battle" to convince anyone they should use a free standard instead of paying million of dollars in licensing fees per year. I'd expect Microsoft to ship this instead of H.264 in the next major IE, and, if this comes with a good and open hardware interpreter, Apple to follow soon after.
Considering the amount of bandwidth Google spends on streaming YouTube content, this move is far from altruistic.
Who cares? Companies are allowed to make the world a better place without having to self-flagellate themselves. Google could easily have just paid the H.264 licensing fees and told Mozilla to toss off, or even built VP8 support into Chrome and used YouTube to force-feed it to the world. They chose to cooperate, and should be praised for that. I don't see how it's an "uphill battle" to convince anyone they should use a free standard instead of paying million of dollars in licensing fees
Several companies, most notably Apple, have already spent what must be millions of dollars on licensing fees and hardware. Regardless of which is a better long-term choice, it can be very difficult to reverse that much momentum. Not to mention the hundreds of millions of non-consumer multimedia equipment which is designed to use H.264.Additionally, VP8 does not have much application support yet. It'll take a while for codecs to be written, debugged, and distributed to users. There may be significant lag time before VP8 displaces Theora among F/OSS users, or H.264 on OS X.
Apple and MS pay yearly licensing fees for H.264. As soon as they adopt VP8, they can stop.
http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensors.aspx
Apple and MS have already paid for the H.264 licenses; they can't remove H.264 from OS X or Windows since it would cause major backlash.
Incidentally, this has been the state of audio for a long time - mp3 and aac are both good codecs, and both are really widely supported. (Vorbis is reasonably good too, though not as widely supported. Maybe that will change with HTML5.)
While I'm not arguing with the "less bandwidth is good" argument, I think it's a very common misconception that the amount of bandwidth YouTube uses is a significant financial strain on Google.
For example, on the YouTube blog Google have said:
The truth is that all our infrastructure is built from scratch, which means models that use standard industry pricing are too high when it comes to bandwidth and similar costs. We are at a point where growth is definitely good for our bottom line, not bad. http://ytbizblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/youtube-myth-busting.h...
Wired wrote a piece where they interviewed a network analyst who thinks Google's bandwidth bill is close to zero:
"I think Google’s transit costs are close to zero," said Craig Labovitz, the chief scientist for Arbor Networks and a longtime internet researcher. Arbor Networks, which sells network monitoring equipment used by about 70 percent of the net’s ISPs, likely knows more about the net’s ebbs and flows than anyone outside of the National Security Agency. http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2009/10/youtube-bandwidth/
VP8 was specifically designed by On2 (in collaboration with ARM) to be decoded easily on low powered ARM chips. They take advantage of various ARM features such as NEON acceleration and are intended to work well even on lowly ARM9, and the codec has built in scalability that lets low-powered devices show the same video file that everyone else gets with less quality and power if needed.
The hardware argument was basically an excuse for Apple to not have to do something they didn't want to when talking about Theora. It's been shown to be irrelevant, or even a benefit to Theora when sending video to people who don't have state of the art laptops. To apply it to VP8 is just ridiculous.
http://focus.ti.com/dsp/docs/dspfindtoolswresults.tsp?sectio...
It will now be the only browser to support all three of the main codecs - and Google will control one of the two open source / royalty free ones (indeed it's arguable that status may be more secure that Ogg Theora because, simply, Google are likely to aggressively defend any submarine attacks).
All told - great news.
Also clean design with native widgets on supported platforms and overall crazy fast (when I boot my computer, Chrome is the first app the starts).
Mozilla should be worried.
(Being an early adopter since phoenix, already moved to chrome and never looked back)
More interesting still is the patent issue. VP8 is still effectively irrelevant unless Google announces they've performed a patent search and found VP8 to have no known patents covering its methods (or at least any that might incur licensing fees). After all, it was the patent issue with H.264 that bothered Mozilla.
As for the patent issue, Google has no doubt done this during its ~9 months of due diligence while buying On2. Not saying that issues won't come up, but Google apparently felt comfortable with the situation.
I don't know enough about the industry to be able to predict whether On2 could have a technology in VP8 that they, and only they, have patents on. In that case, the ball is in Google's court. Otherwise, whoever owns the patents that On2 was licensing (or infringing?) still as a right to get royalties, right? Experts?
Flash did not obtain its dominance by coming installed with IE.
Unless Microsoft actively moves to block it, I don't know that Microsoft's explicit support is actually that interesting.
That's exactly how Flash won its dominance. It was installed by the PC manufacturers (HP, Apple, Dell, &c) into IE5 and IE6 until it had overwhelming market presence.
Adding video support later on cemented the position, but it was strippers and steaks (for HP, Dell, Apple, &c execs) that won Flash its position.
MS, Apple and Nokia will be harder nut to crack, because all three of them are patent owners in H.264 portfolio. Nokia may cave when Youtube switches, maybe even MS, but Apple users will have life slightly more difficult for a while.
Given that theora is based on On2's VP3, could there be enough similarity in the codecs that the theora DSP code is useful for quickly getting VP8 going?
YouTube is bigger than Steve's perceived ego.
Safari and Chrome both use WebKit but they use completely different code to implement <video>; Safari uses QuickTime and Chrome uses ffmpeg.
The argument used by both of them is just convenient excuse. What do you expect of them? To tell you what is in the above paragraph?
This could cause them to reconsider that decision. In fact I'd go so far as to say this should cause them to reconsider their decision. Perhaps they'll come to the same one in the end, but this is a radical landscape change and it is appropriate for the standards committee to react to that and not just passively say "Oh well, the standard is written in stone, so sad."
If there's any consistent theme to the history of web standards, it's that all the successful standards start as someone's proprietary extension that eventually becomes a de facto standard before being codified by the standards committee. Standards that start in the committee rarely gain traction.
which license and patent terms I wonder...
Worse, will it keep us all under Microsoft's thumb?