One example is when you fit sparse high dimensional models to complex data in a real-time production system. The resulting models may have hundreds of millions to billions of features with non-zero weights, that constantly change as the underlying data changes. It's impossible to "hand-code" such a model from scratch by any reasonable size team in real-time. On the other hand, these hundreds of millions of rules can (and should) be exhaustively analyzed / audited by slicing and dicing both the model feature-weights, as well their performance on the data comprehensively. As an example, the "R" programming language typically creates useful human interpretable summaries for the models it generates.
For reference, I have been involved at Google in building such massive high dimensional models for properties like Youtube, and currently a founder of one the companies in the HBR report (LiftIgniter, YC W2014). Hopefully that doesn't make me too biased to respond.