They haven't made all of the Enterprise Edition features available on all lower editions, but they have made many big ones such as table partitioning, Always Encrypted, in-memory OLTP, etc. available in most lower editions. There are a number of operational features such as piecemeal restores, Resource Governor, online index rebuilds, etc. that are still exclusive to Enterprise Edition.

There's a more complete discussion of these here: https://sqlperformance.com/2016/11/sql-server-2016/big-deal-...