The standard libraries tend to only use them for fatal conditions such as out of memory. The standard library can compile with no-exceptions (see https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/using_except... ); if you mix no-exception and exception-using code, what happens is implementation-dependent but usually involves crashing.

A lot of large C++ shops re-implement much of the standard library, often to add niche features that don't make sense as a standard. I believe replacing the allocator in a lot of the standard data structures to a non-throwing one will get you pretty close to non-throwing.