No, this cannot be done. In theory, it should be possible with xhyve in the future, but at this moment, no PCIe or TB passing is possible because of the lack of support on the hypervisor side on desktop operating systems.
What about these setups makes them more complicated to support than simple PCIe passthrough? Because PCIe passthrough is definitely a thing you can do currently in several virtualization implementations.
(Unless you mean you can't do it while also using it as a GPU in the desktop, which is true.)
If it works in Mac OS sure, although of course the performance won't be as good. The author seems to only be running windows for these tests