I think that IPython is one of the best tools for scientists. Jupyter Notebooks that allow reproducible results, a lot of data-wrangling libraries, visualizations, distributed computing. I wish more scientists knew of IPython.
* https://github.com/kovasb/session
(Also my own early abandoned experiments: http://celeriac.net/iiiiioiooooo/ http://celeriac.net/iiiiioiooooo/public/ http://celeriac.net/iiiiioiooooo-dom/ http://celeriac.net/io/public/)
It doesn't address the browser-based point.