You are looking at intermediate data of what's stored in your decrypted blob. Yes, some things are encrypted twice in the Lastpass vault.
The contents considered "unencrypted" by the blog post are actually only accessible after your private key has been provided.
"How can Lastpass show me the Google logo?" It's shown by your Lastpass Extension, after your vault has been decrypted with your password. It's the same reason that Lastpass can show you the password saved for Google!
Notice that request has an unencrypted folder name, "Email." Those folder names are only accessible after the decryption of the entire vault.
URLs are encrypted. LastPass does not know your URLs.
I noticed the article does not include the destination URL for this request, only the parameters. So I can't make a determination as to why this request was made and who the destination server is.
I just tried adding a new site to the "Email" folder, and no requests to remote servers showed up in my Network tab.
IF the LastPass extension really does make a call to lastpass.com with this information, then, yes, there is a possibility that Lastpass can track these hashes in some separate store. But that doesn't mean that the encrypted vault blob has the unencrypted data as claimed.