So compare going to the beach in South Jersey, where you have to pay just to be on the beach, or the area in the article, vs PR where beach access is guaranteed in the Constitution. Very different values regarding the beach as a public place.
>We found that the average total value of a day trip to the beach was $36.74 and that the average cost of traveling to the beach was $22.09, not including parking or other expenses, leaving a net value of $14.65 This finding gives us important information about why beachgoers are sensitive to the cost of parking. Even if parking were available for only $8.75 a day that would chip into the remaining net value of the average day trip, leaving only $5.90 net value. If parking cost $15 a day, the travel cost model would lead us to predict that the average visitor would decide to forego the trip because it would cost more than it is worth overall. https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/coastal-access/
Like, are there walls with bouncers in entrances? Do I get a ticket if I pay? Do I get a ticket if I don't pay? That is bananas.
See: https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/UCLA-Beach-Surv...
"We used a travel cost model to calculate the value of trips to the beach. We found the average day trip had a total value of $36.74 with travel to the coast costing $22.09, not including expenses at the beach, leaving a surplus of $14.65. We found the average overnight trip of four nights had a total value of $605.05, with travel costing $194.41, not including lodging, leaving a surplus of $410.64."
So, the day trip cost is ~$22, which I assume is just the vehicle/fuel cost. It specifically says it doesn't include parking or any expenses while there.
The study is centered on how much it costs Californians to travel to the beach. Like, for example, driving from a non-coastal city to the coast. The study specifically mentions that the $22 does not include costs for parking, or expenses (food, etc) while there.
Hell, the municipality had installed Wifi in case I wanted to bring a laptop to a beachside bar or cafe, though I never did.
Who the hell privatizes beaches?