Kubernetes supported secrets for nearly 2 years: https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/secrets/
They currently debate over pluggable secret stores: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/10439
You can use Hashicorp Vault as a third party resource to store your secrets: https://github.com/Boostport/kubernetes-vault
Kubernetes also supports RBAC to control access to secrets: https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/