linked list is not complex for christ sake
That depends on the language. If you're using something without pointers or references it's quite hard.
That depends on the language. If you're using something without pointers or references it's quite hard.
They all use them internally, but don't tend to make them available to the programmer (usually because they aren't needed).
Behind the scene, yes, every Python variable is a reference to an object. It's not addressable, however, and in the case of immutable objects (like strings), you can't modify the underlying object and keep all references pointed at that updated object.