I saw these the other day and wondered—could you make these programmatically with a drone? Have it lift off, tilt downwards, and stitch them together...
These are probably all hand-stitched though, with photo manipulation tools, and not programmatically generated, since it seems to be a one-off project inspired by the surrounding environment and terrain. It's likely possible to program a utility that creates these, as a follow-up phase to the general concept.
Especially the one of the Blue Mosque (not in the original article, but from a collection it links to.) That's what convinced me it had to be a drone, at least for the oblique shots.