Professionally, I work at Google and internally we have an extensive corpus of knowledge for various problems and programming patterns that really are tied to in-house technologies that don't really exist outside of the company. That's mostly the #1 reason why I almost never stumble upon SO.
> 1. What your programming set up is.
I code in Python, Bash, Haskell and sometimes Go. Plus a couple of internal languages that aren't really interesting (mostly config languages). I write code with vim and manage my project with tmux sessions.
> 2. What you do when there is an issue?
I look at the logs, look at the code, I look internally for any resources we might have, I spend some time trying to figure out what is going on and usually that takes care of 90% of the problems. If that is not the case, then depending on the type of problem (is it an internal library? is it something externally available?) I either ask on the internal IRC for specific teams in charge of that platform, or I go to the external internet in search for help. Most of the time, if that is the case, the situation is so specific that I can't really find an relevant answer on SO so I more often than not just end up in a #freenode channel for that library/language and directly ask questions to the interested people.