Read Matt Levine's column on Bloomberg. All of them, and the ones from when he worked for Dealbreaker as well. He tells the stories in a clear way that makes sense, cutting through a lot of nonsense, and so you understand the key points even without getting the jargon, and then you gradually pick up the jargon too.

Obligatory:

http://abstrusegoose.com/389

If you're serious about getting to know it, I would torrent some level 1 CFA study material and skim it in bits and pieces. Really though, I would avoid it. This jargon can rot your brain.

Honestly, most of the "jargon" I know is mostly by reading the news.

I guess I know a bit more than the typical layperson but that's because I do a little bit of personal investing outside of Robinhood and most of my friends not in tech are in finance.

Read macro-man.blogspot.com if you really fancy some fancy terms.

In seriousness, after reading for a couple of months, and looking the odd thing up, and not worrying about the jargon, just acquire it, you'll have a seriously good understanding of markets, what they influence, and what influences them.

start with https://academy.investopedia.com/? helpful for jargon anyway.

Play Capitalism 2 / Lab and you're half way there