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JSON has a well defined schema system that works across languages. http://json-schema.org/

Python comes with the jsonschema module out of the box.

What do you mean by 'out of the box'? jsonschema needs to be installed. It's not in the stdlib.

That's rather verbose, though. I prefer the much more functional "schema" library:

Thing is, none of these are language agnostic. jsonschema is the only one that makes an attempt at that.

It's a slight pity that the python jsonschema package doesn't support some of the more powerful recent features though.