What is the primary UI tech on Windows now?
Main differences is that XAML processing is implemented in C# in .NET, and in C++/CX on UWP.
XAML on UWP supports static binding at compile time, and on WPF it is only dynamic (x:Bind vs Binding).
Finally the actual classes backing the UI components aren't 100% compatible, but do have most of the same methods and properties.
Anyone that knows WPF, shouldn't have any issue with XAML/UWP.
Most stock UWP components (the ones that come with the OS) are implemented in pure C++ using WRL (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/windows/windows-runtime...). This is mainly because they were already being actively implemented long before C++/CX became usable.