Can anyone recommend a US based bank (or a bank that accepts US customers) that 1) has either a 2FA token for phone e.g. with Google Authenticator, a hardware token, or some kind of other token based factor; and 2) has strong security when calling? I generally don't need a physical presence.

My current two banks don't have direct 2FA enabled. As far as I remember, the questions available to one of my banks (credit union) are simple enough that you could probably find out by doing a public info search somewhere, and the other bank (Chase) has SMS 2fa, but outside of that it's just public database questions (I know this because I had my card number stolen recently, I currently don't have access to my phone as I'm out of the country, and they asked me a few different questions from a public database, like if I had ever lived at ABC Dr., do you know this person, and what is the full name, etc.). I'd much rather be able to give the banks some kind of information that they are required to verify before they can access my account, like a verbal passphrase, but I don't think that's possible (as in, I wouldn't be able to access my account over the phone without the passphrase).