>In the history of cryptology, women tend to be either systematically excluded or reduced to objects.

This is probably true, but cryptography/theoretical computer science might be one area where women have better representation than in other subfields of hard sciences.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser, who invented a huge portion of modern crypto (zero-knowledge, set lower bound, doubly-efficient proofs, etc.)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irit_Dinur, who basically invented property testing as well as a novel proof of the PCP theorem that wasn't hundreds of pages long

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~danama/, also known for her work on the PCP theorem (wife of Scott Aaronson)

http://elaineshi.com/, several papers on making ORAM and secure multiparty computation practical

Probably notable that the first three listed are all from/at the Weizmann Institute in Israel.