MFC is mostly on maintenance and new application should use XAML + C++/CX.
C++/CX makes use of the C++/CLI extensions but it targets AOT compilation to native code instead.
The alternatives are C++ with WRL (Windows Runtime Library), basically ATL replacement, and what most Microsoft teams actually use for the UWP kernel components.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/windows/universal-windo...
Because most C++ devs would rather use something more standards friendly, there is work in progress to eventually replace C++/CX with C++/WinRT, taking advantage of C++17 features.
“Embracing Standard C++ for the Windows Runtime"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm4IwfiJ3EU
“Putting Coroutines to Work with the Windows Runtime"